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What is the primary focus of ecology?

  1. The evolution of species

  2. Interaction of living organisms with their environment

  3. The study of fossil records

  4. The preservation of habitats

The correct answer is: Interaction of living organisms with their environment

The primary focus of ecology is on the interaction of living organisms with their environment. This field of study examines how organisms relate to one another and to their surroundings, including both biotic factors (other living things) and abiotic factors (non-living elements like climate and soil). Understanding these interactions is crucial for evaluating how ecosystems function, how energy and nutrients flow through various environments, and how species adapt to their habitats. While the evolution of species is a significant topic within biology, it does not encompass the broader interactions that define ecological study. Similarly, while the study of fossil records provides valuable insights into past life forms and their environments, it does not focus on current ecological interactions. Lastly, habitat preservation is an important conservation issue but is more of a practical application of ecological principles rather than the central focus of ecology itself. Thus, understanding the interactions among living organisms and their environment is fundamental to the discipline of ecology.